An expert once said: The key to a pig farm to do a good job in production with peace of mind is to deal with the odor of the pig farm. This odor will affect whether the villagers around your pig farm will complain about you, whether the workers of the pig farm can persist in their work, and so on. How many pig farms have handled the odor of their own pig farms today?

Where does the pig farm smell?

It is understood that the odor of pig farms mainly refers to exogenous ammonia gas. Volatile ammonia gas is dispersed inside or in the surrounding environment of pig houses, and can be clearly felt by animals and people as an unpleasant odor.

There are three primary sources of exogenous ammonia during this process:

1. Ammonia emissions from the intestines. Proteins, small peptides, amino acids, or other nitrogen-containing substances in chyme are endogenous ammonia gas that is degraded or deaminated by bacteria in the intestine. The deamination of amino acids in other body arrangements also triggers endogenous ammonia gas. Some of these endogenous ammonia gases are absorbed by the intestine and enter the bloodstream, forming blood ammonia. The other part is directly excreted from the body with feces and emitted into the air of the pigsty.

2. Urea differentiation refers to the large amount of urine excreted by pigs every day. The urea in the urine is degraded in the external environment, resulting in volatile ammonia gas. The higher the temperature, the faster and more abundant the ammonia gas is released, and the stronger the odor. If ventilation is good, more ammonia gas is emitted.

3. The remaining nitrogen-containing substances in feces can be degraded by some bacteria and produce ammonia gas.

The harm of ammonia gas to pig farms has been discussed earlier and more extensively abroad, and there is also a deeper understanding of this aspect. In recent years, domestic pig farms have paid increasing attention to the harm of ammonia, especially in large-scale pig farms. It is understood that Europe requires the ammonia concentration in pig farms to be controlled below 10ppm, while the United States requires it to be controlled below 15-20ppm. Peter Cheeke from Oregon University in the United States believes that ammonia has five major hazards:

1. Directly affecting animal growth. As is well known, oxygen is the main nutrient for pigs, water is the second largest nutrient, and the third largest nutrient is feed. Ammonia competes with oxygen because it is simpler to directly bind with hemoglobin, resulting in a reduction in the oxygen that hemoglobin can bind to. That is, if the blood ammonia concentration is high, the blood oxygen concentration is low, which directly affects the generation of energy ATP in the mitochondria of cells. This will affect the synthesis of protein in animals and normal innovation, directly leading to slow animal growth.

2. Inducing respiratory diseases. The ammonia gas in the pigsty is easily adsorbed on the moist mucous membranes of the eyes and respiratory tract, and can form NH4 ions, making it alkaline and having certain corrosiveness. Especially if it continues to damage the respiratory mucosa, it will damage the defense barrier of the respiratory tract (mucosal layer and bronchial cilia, etc.), leading to direct invasion of bacteria and viruses in the air of the pigsty into the lungs.

3. Decreased intestinal function. The influential ammonia gas in the intestine can cause thickening of the intestinal wall, hinder the absorption of nutrients, and increase the pH in the intestine, making it easier for bacteria to grow and reproduce, and reproducing various bacterial diseases in the intestine.

4. High ammonia concentration can lower blood oxygen concentration and affect the growth and development of fetal pigs; In addition, primiparous sows or elderly sows may experience an increase in the mortality of piglets due to hypoxia during the later stages of labor. High blood ammonia concentration can hinder brain nerve conduction, leading to a decrease in feed intake and mental depression in pigs. High blood ammonia concentration can also affect the composition of immunoglobulins in the blood, affecting normal immune function. A high concentration of ammonia can damage the nose's sense of smell and hinder the estrus of the backup sow.

5. High ammonia concentration can corrode pig farming equipment, resulting in high mechanical damage and maintenance rates; Long term exposure to this environment also has a negative impact on the physical and mental well-being of workers such as breeders.

At present, there is no single functional deodorant product in China, and most of them are composite feed additives with deodorization functions. The deodorant products used in pig farms are mainly divided into two categories.

1. The primary mechanism of action of microbial preparations such as lactic acid bacteria and yeast is to promote intestinal digestive function, reduce the content of ammonia, phosphorus, and proteins in animal manure, and then achieve the effect of reducing odor.

2. Plant derived products represented by extracts also promote the absorption of various nutrients in the intestine, improve the digestion and utilization efficiency of proteins and peptides, reduce the content of protein nitrogen in feces, and thus reduce the occurrence of ammonia odor and odor, as well as oligosaccharides with certain urinary enzyme inhibitors, to prevent urea from degrading into volatile ammonia.

Another type is physical adsorbents (such as zeolite powder, etc.). Due to their ability to adsorb important nutrient components, there are literature reports that they can affect animal growth and reduce feed conversion rates. From an economic perspective, they are not cost-effective and are currently rarely used. Another type is neutralization reaction products (topical products, weakly acidic solutions), which have a certain effect, but are more difficult to use and have higher costs.

The article originates from a deodorant manufacturer http://www.scneng.com.hk